Image
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Official name of scheme

EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)

ETS Status
in force
Jurisdictions
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Start of operation (year)
2005
Sectoral coverage
Maritime
Domestic Aviation
Industry
Power
Allocation
Auctioning; Free Allocation (Fixed Benchmarking)
Offsets and credits
The use of offsets is not allowed
Cap
1,386 MtCO2e (2024, electricity and heat generation, industrial manufacturing and maritime transport), 27.6 MtCO2e (2024, aviation)
GHGs covered
CO2, N2O, HFCs, PFCs
Average auction price (2024)
EUR 64.74 (USD 70.07)
Average secondary market price (2024)
EUR 65.23 (USD 70.60)
Total revenue since beginning
EUR 184 billion (USD 206 billion) since the beginning of the system - Includes revenues from Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and the UK, as well as of the Innovation and Modernisation Funds funded by the EU ETS
Total revenue (2024)
EUR 38.8 billion (USD 42 billion) - Includes revenues from Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Northern Ireland, as well as of the Innovation and Modernisation Funds funded by the EU ETS

General Information

Emissions & Targets

Size & Phases

Allowance Allocation & Revenue

Flexibility & Linking

Compliance

Market Regulation

Other Information